第1章 实现更好的平衡

  • 贸易的真相
  • 作者:[土]丹尼·罗德里克
  • 类别:
  • 本章字数:1826

最近有一项学术研究利用现代贸易理论的高深模型得出这样的估计:《北美自由贸易协定》的总收益仅相当于美国整体“福利”收益的0.08%。而该协定对贸易量的影响要大得多:美国从墨西哥的进口量增加了一倍。参见Lorenzo Caliendo and Fernando Parro,“Estimates of the Trade and Welfare Effects of NAFTA,”Review of Economic Studies,vol.82(1),2015: 1-44。同样有趣的是,在美国0.08%的微小收益增长中,有整整一半不是由效率提高产生的,而是因贸易条件改善带来的。也就是说,根据Caliendo和Parro的估计,美国进口商品的价格相对于其出口商品的价格是下降了,但这并不代表效率的提高,而是反映了其他国家(主要是墨西哥和加拿大)的收入转移。这些收益是以牺牲其他国家的利益为代价的。

Christina Starmans,Mark Sheskin,and Paul Bloom,“Why People Prefer Unequal Societies,”Nature: Human Behaviour,vol.1,April 2017: 82.

Zack Beauchamp,“If You're Poor in Another Country,This Is the Scariest Thing Bernie Sanders Has Said,”Vox,April 5,2016,http://www.vox.com/2016/3/1/11139718/bernie-sanders-trade-global-poverty.

Dani Rodrik,“Growth Strategies,”in Handbook of Economic Growth,P.Aghion and S.Durlauf,eds.,vol.1A,North-Holland,2005: 967-1014.

Dani Rodrik,“Mexico's Growth Problem,”Project Syndicate,November 13,2014,https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/mexico-growth-problemby-dani-rodrik-2014-11? barrier=accessreg.

Dani Rodrik,The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy,W.W.Norton,New York,2011.

“世界经济的政治困境”最早出现在Dani Rodrik,“How Far Will International Economic Integration Go?”Journal of Economic Perspectives,Winter 2000.在 The Globalization Paradox一书中,我从历史的角度进行了分析。

Jeffry A.Frieden,Global Capitalism: Its Rise and Fall in the Twentieth Century,W.W.Norton,New York,2007.

Dani Rodrik,“Premature Deindustrialization,”Journal of Economic Growth,vol.21,2015: 1-33.

Carl J.Green,“The New Protectionism,”Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business,vol.3,1981: 1.

John Gerard Ruggie,“International Regimes,Transactions,and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order,”International Organization,vol.36(2),Spring 1982: 379-415.

“IMF Sees Subdued Global Growth,Warns Economic Stagnation Could Fuel Protectionist Calls,”IMF News,October 4,2016,http://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2016/10/03/AM2016-NA100416-WEO.