摘要

随着社会经济的不断发展，我国流动人口的规模和结构都发生了巨大变化。特别是进入21世纪以来，不同年龄段的流动人口在文化观念、行为等多方面都出现了一些明显不同的群体特征，这些特征直接或间接地影响着其流动决策。就业已经逐渐成为流动人口发生迁移流动现象的决定性因素，即获得工作岗位和一定的收入，才能在此基础上做出在城市的居住条件、聚集方式和社会交往模式的其他选择。随着我国城镇化进程的不断推进，农业户籍流动劳动力已成为城市就业市场不可或缺的组成部分，但同时城-城流动的人口规模也日益增加。无论从城镇到城镇的流动还是从农村到城镇的流动，流动人口的就业与失业、收入与消费等一系列社会经济融入问题都引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。本书采用的数据是2013年国家卫生和计划生育委员会的流动人口动态监测数据，在阅读关于流动人口的相关文献的基础上，对流动人口生活状况和社会经济融入问题进行梳理，采用文献研究与调查研究相结合的方式，同时运用数学统计的方法，利用SPSS统计分析软件把2013年全国动态监测数据进行处理及分析，进而揭示出我国流动人口的一些数量特征，在掌握这些数量关系和数量变化的基础上，探究我国流动人口的生活经济状况。在研究就业状况中，分别以流动人口就业状态、职业选择及就业身份为因变量，以人口学特征、流动特征和社会特征三个维度中的相关因素为自变量，分别进行多元Logistic回归分析，以探讨流动人口就业的影响因素。在我国流动人口收入状况和家庭消费水平的影响因素分析中，以流动人口收入水平为因变量，以年龄和受教育程度的有序变量为协变量，以人口学特征、流动特征和社会经济特征三个维度中的相关因素为因子变量，分别进行多元Logistic回归分析，以探讨流动人口收入水平和家庭消费水平的影响因素。综上所述，分析我国流动人口就业状况及其影响因素，不仅有利于我国政府部门制定相关政策，完善流动人口基本公共服务体系，提高流动人口的社会融入感，还有利于促进流动人口就业，提高流动人口及其家庭的收入，积极参与社会生产活动，充分利用农村剩余劳动力，为经济社会发展做出贡献。

Abstract

With the continuous development of social economy，the size and structure of the migrant population in China has changed dramatically.Especially since the 21st century，there are some obvious population characteristics between different age groups of the migrant population incultural concept and behavior and so on，which directly or indirectly influences their migrant decisions. Whether has been employed has becomethe decisive factor in migrant population migration—Only by getting job and income could they make other choices besides living conditions of thecity，ways of gathering and social interaction pattern. With the advancement of urbanization in our country，the migrants with agriculturalhousehold registration has become an integral part of the job market，but at the same time the urban-urban migrant population size has also beengrowing. Both flow from town to town and flow from rural to urban，migrant population's employment and unemployment，income andconsumption as well as a series of social and economic problem has caused widely attentions of scholars both at home and abroad. This bookuses dynamic monitoring data of the migrant population by National Health and Family Planning Commission in 2013. On the basis of readingliteratures about migrant population，we sort out the living condition of migrant population and the social economic integration problems. Adoptingthe way of combining literature research and investigation，at the same time，using the method of mathematical statistics and SPSS software toanalyze the 2013 national dynamic monitoring data，so that we could reveal some mathematic characteristics of the migrant population. Based onthese characteristics，we could explore the life and economic condition of migrant population. In the study of the employment，we set upmultivariate logit regression analysis，which includes dependent variable of the migrant population employment，occupational choice，employmentstatus and independent variable of the concerning factor of demographic feature，flow characteristics，social characteristics，to explore theinfluencing factor of migrant population employment. In the analysis of influencing factor of migrant population and household consumption level，we set the income of migrant population as dependent variable，ordered variable of age and level of education as covariate，the concerning factorof demographic feature，flow characteristics，social characteristics as the factor variable，to explore the influencing factor of income of migrantpopulation and household consumption level. To sum up，analyzing the migrant population employment and its influencing factors can promote theemployment of migrant population increase their income，let them participate in social production positively，and make the most of surplus rurallabor force，which makes contribution to economic development. Likewise，it could also help the government to formulate policies to improve ourcountry's basic migrant population public service system as well as to enhance the sense of social integration among migrant population.