内容简介
在物理学开始出现的时候,物理学并没涉及数学,当然物理学里也就没有出现数学方程式,而只是纯文字的叙述。到法国数学家和物理学家笛卡儿开始研究物理学的时候,他首开先河在物理学中开始引入数学。从此,我们对世界的认识开始有所改观。本书把物理学发展进程中的关键事件和关键点梳理出来,然后通过公式的发现与应用,把历史故事讲述得更有条理,更有针对性,从而揭示出科学家认识这个世界的艰难历程。
作者简介
杨建邺,生于1935年,湖北红安人,武汉华中科技大学物理学院退休教授。对物理学史、物理学家和诺贝尔奖得主的事迹有特别的兴趣。著有《杰出物理学家的失误》《玻尔传》《爱因斯坦传》《窥探上帝的秘密——量子史话》等;译有《爱因斯坦传》《原子舞者——费米传》《夸克与美洲豹》等;主编有《20 世纪诺贝尔奖获奖者辞典》《诺贝尔奖史话》等。
章节目录
序言 ············································································I
一、天上与地下力的统一—牛顿的万有引力方程 ··················1
1. 光荣从黑暗中迅速生长 ···········································3
2. 哲学家笛卡儿 ·····················································16
3. 天空立法者—开普勒 ··········································19
4. 牛顿和万有引力定律的建立 ····································37
5. 万有引力定律是普适的吗? ····································44
二、电和磁的转换—麦克斯韦方程组 ·······························54
1. 一位喜爱哲学沉思的物理学家 ·································56
2. 电学中的牛顿—安培 ··········································59
3. 物理学基础中最深刻的变化 ····································61
4.“上帝的神来之笔” ·············································68
三、量子力学的基石—普朗克方程 ··································85
1. 紫外灾难的出现···················································85
2. 爱因斯坦使普朗克坐立不安 ····································94
四、引力的几何语言—广义相对论方程 ··························101
1.“我一生最愉快的思想” ······································102
2.“宇宙新理论和牛顿观念破产” ·····························108
3. 广义相对论方程比爱因斯坦更聪明 ··························112
五、矩阵力学的诞生—非对易方程 ································120
1. 走进物理学殿堂·················································122
2. 玻尔节上遇玻尔·················································125
3. 差一点得不到博士学位 ········································131
4. 哥本哈根之行,灵感突发 ·····································133
5. 量子力学的新形式 ··············································136
六、波动力学的提名—薛定谔方程 ································145
1. 维也纳大学出来的物理学家 ··································146
2. 机遇找到了薛定谔 ··············································150
3. 惊喜和诅咒并存·················································155
4. 薛定谔方程比薛定谔还聪明! ·······························160
七、发现负能量—狄拉克方程 ·····································164
1. 狄拉克青少年时期 ··············································166
2. 剑桥大学的研究生 ··············································168
3. 初显身手,气象不凡 ···········································170
4. 狄拉克方程第一个意想不到的礼物—自旋 ··············174
5. 狄拉克方程的第二个意想不到的礼物—反粒子 ········180
八、相互作用的统一—杨 - 米尔斯场方程 ·······················184
1. 守恒和不变性之间的关系:诺特定律 ·······················186
2. 布鲁克海文实验室“十分不同的”感受 ····················189
3. 规范不变性和走火入魔 ········································190
4. 友谊、困难和辉煌 ··············································195
5. 希格斯和对称性自发破缺 ·····································200
九、数学与物理的分与合—方程式何以比物理学家聪明? ·····208
参考书目 ·············································222
改变物理学思想的八个方程是2020年由商务印书馆出版,作者杨建邺。
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